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B. H. TRIP? AND H. V. RAMSAY.

M. KELLEY AND P. A. STEWART, Anmlmsmmoas or H. v. MMSAY, Dsc'u.

LlQUID FUEL FURNACF. 0R FORGE.

APPLICAUON man SEPT.5| i913. Y

Patened May 27, 1919 NETE@ @lhilhllQEt BURTON H. TRIP?, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, AND HUGH V. RAIVISAY, 0F GLOUCESTER, NEW J'EBJSES; .ICHN M. KELLEY AND PATRICK A.. STEIVARI ADMINISTRATORS OF SAID HUGE-' l?. RAMSI-LY, DECEASE SAID TRIP? AND SAID ADMINISTRATORS ASSIGNORS TG THE ECONOMY ENGINEERING CO., OF CAMDEN, NEW JERSEY, A CORI'ORATION OF NEW' JERSEY.

LIQUID-FUEL FITRNACE OR FORGE.

Application led September 5, 1918.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that we, BURTON H. TRIPP, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of Los Angeles, State of California, and HUGH V. RAMSAY, of Gloucester, in the county of Camden, State of New Jersey, have invented a new and useful Liquid-Fuel Furnace or Forge, of which the following is a specification.

In liquid fuel or hydrocarbon furnaces or forges as heretofore constructed, wherein the flame blast has been Iplayed directly upon rivets or other articles to be heated and where combustion at this stage is iii-- complete, there occurs oxidation and scaling of the rivets, and, in addition, these oxidized scales dropping to the bottom of the furnace., are liable to deposit on its lining the sulfur from the fuel, thereby forming iron sulid which vitally attacks fireclay or other refractory material, all o-f which objections are obvi ated by our novel device.

Our invention relates to a novel construction of a liquid fuel furnace or forge especially adapted for use in connection with the riveting of ship hulls, bridges, structural steel frames and the like.,T wherein the heat genera-ted is utilized for heating or annealing small articles in quantities, such as rivets and the like, our invention particularly relating to a novel construction of the upper, top or dome sections of the combustion chamber of the furnace or forge, wherein we preferably employ four of such top or dome sections, three of said sections being matched, so that in case any one of the three sections burns out or deteriorates from any clause, it can be readily replaced in a short time by unskilled labor without necessitating the dismantling of the forge or shutting down of the same for any length of time.

In the operation of our invention, rivets or other articles to be heated or annealed are placed upon the refractory bottom of a chamber in the lower lportion of the furnace or forge below the combustion chamber, and are heated by intense radiated heat, since the flame blast instead of playing directly on', the rivets er' other articles is caused `to linitially enter' the novelcircul'ar dome- Speecation of Letters Pat-ent.

Patented May 27, illl.

serial No. 252,698.

shaped combustion; chamber in a tangential direction, so that a practically complete combustion takes place in the upper portion or combustion chamber of the furnace or forge,

the heat being radit ted or deflected from the concave top of the combustion chamber downwardly upon the rivets or other articles after a substantially perfect combustion has taken place.

.es a result of our construction, there is no oxidation and scaling of the rivets heated in our forge, since radiated heat as we employ it.Y will not oXidize and scale, nor will oxidation occur where hot gases resulting from the {iame blast are directly applied after complete combustion has taken place as in the upper portion of our furnace or forge.

The object of our invention, therefore, is to provide novel means for heating rivets or other small articles by means of the heat units extracted from the hot gases after their complete combustion in the combustion chamber constructed as described in the upper portion of the furnace, whereby the rivets are quickly and properly heated without scaling and the life of the furnace is indefinitely prolonged, the radiated heat in our novel invention being diffusedfrom the circular or concave heated upper portion or combustion chamber ofthe fuel furnace or forge.

It will further be apparent that in our invention rivets or other articles to be heated are maintained or supported out of direct contact with the flame blast in such posi tion as to be properly heated by intense radi ated heat, and they are readily removable by tonging, as usual, the rivet containingl or heating chamber being so positioned below the path of the blast flame that the latter is above and tangential to the upper combustion chamber, whereby it will be seen that heating of the rivets is lreadily effected, since the hot gases swirl entirely around the combustion vchamber above the rivet chamber so that a practically perfect combustionl takes place, the rivets as stated being heated without oxidation. p

To `the above ends, our` invention consists of a novel construction of a liquid fuel fur- (ill sel

nace or forge, having the top of its combustion chan'iber composed of refractory material, three sections of which are matched or substantially identical and can be readily replaced without skilled labor, the fourth section having a tangential inlet passage, whereby the flame blast is introduced so as not to directly strike the contents of the lower chamber. The hot gases are completely consumed, so that the rivets or other articles in the rivet chamber are enveloped by the radiated heat without causing oxida-A drawings certain forms thereof which are at present preferred by us since the same will give in practice satisfactory land reliable results, although it is to be understood that the various instrumentalities of which our invention consists can be variously arranged and organized and that our invention is not limited to the precise arrangement `and organization of these instrumentalities as herein shown and described.

Figure 1 represents a vertical, sectional view of a liquid fuel furnace or forge embodying our invention, the section being taken on the line 1 1 of Fig. 2.

Fig` 2 represents a section on line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 represents a sectional view of one form of liquid fuel burner or atoniizing device which we vmay employ.

Fig. 4 represents on a reduced scale, a perspective view of one of the three similarly constructed sections of the combustion chamber seen in Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 represents on a reduced scale a perspective view of the fourth top section of the combustion chamber seen in Fig. 1.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts.

Referring to the drawings In the construction of our novel liquid fuel furnace or forge, we employ an outer cylindrical or other shaped shell 2, preferably open at its top and closed at its bottom by a plate 3, which latter is supported on an angular frame 5 supported on the legs 6, having the cross-bracing 7. Upon the plate 3 is supported the layer of fire brick 8, which is preferably about four and a half inches thickA and above which extends the annular wall 9 also of lire brick, the top of which is provided with a stepped of the horizontal wall 10, 11, and the upper horizontal wall or topv 12, upon which the upper or dome-shaped sections constituting the top, of the furnace or surface composed.' the vertical wall forge are supported, which will now be described.

We preferably construct the ltop of our novel liquid fuel furnace or forge offour sections, one being designated as 13 and the other three which are substantially identical with each other being designated as 14. These sections 13 and 14'L are composed of suitable refractory material which will not be affected by heat, and their novel features will now be described.

The section 13 is composed of the outer and inner curved walls 15 and 16 and the edges 17, which converge upwardly and meet at the point or apex 18 as will be understood from 5. rThe lower outer portion of the section 13 has the stepped portion or shoulderI 19, which is adapted to engage the stepped portion or shoulder 2O formed at the junction of tlie'lire brick walls 11 and'y 12, the bottoni 21 resting on the wall 10, as is evident. The section 13 is provided near its lower portion with the substantially horizontal tangentially disposed inlet passage 22, whose walls are conical and diverge inwardly, so as to permit the commingled liquid fuel and air to enter the combustion chamber 23 of the forge or furnace at 24. y There are three of the sections 14 employed, as seen in Fig. 4. each of which is provided with the curved outer and inner walls 25 and 26, and the upwardly converging edges 27, which meet at the point or apex 28. The sections 14 are three in number and each is provided at its outer lower portion with the stepped surface or shoulder 29, which engages the shoulder 20 formed at the junction of the walls 11 and 12, the bottomwall 30 of each section 14 resting on the wall 10. V

Near the inner lower portion of each of the sections 13 and 14 is formed an annular inwardly projecting curved ledge 31, which when the three sections 14 and the single section 13 are assembled as seen in Fig. 1, forms an annular continuous inwardly proj eating` horizontal ledge 31, which is located slightly below the inlet 24 for theliquid fuel or hydrocarbon, as will be understood from Fig. 1, whereby the liquid fuel upon its entrance into the combustion chamber 23 is initially given a swirling or rotary movement within the circular dome-shaped combustion chamber 23, so that the 'heat units are caused. to be initially temporarily retained therein until complete combustion takes place by the provision of said annular inwardly projecting ledge 31, as is evident,

it being apparent that by the peculiar con-' struction of the combustion chamber, a continuous rotary or swirling movement is iniparted to the vaporized liquid fuel.l` so that not only isthe same perfectly consumed and the maximum of the heat unitsvextracted therefrom` but, in addition, by reason of the concave or dome-shaped construction of lhe combustion chamber, the heat is effectively directed downwardly to the chamber 36.

We preferably employ a liquid hydrocarbon or oil as the heating medium, and in Fig. 3, have shown one form of a vaporizing apparatus therefor which may be employed. 32 designating the oil or hydrocarbon inlet which conveys the fuel to the nozzle 33, the air or oxygen entering, if desired, through the inlet 34 and being controlled by the valve 35. 1t is evident that other forms of the hydrocarbon and air vaporizing or commingling and ejecting devices may be employed, if desired, as we do not desire to be limited to any particular form of hydrocarbon or air injecting or commingling or vaporizing device.

The lower portion of the liquid fuel furl nace or forge forms a chamber 36 for the reception of the articles to be annealed or heated, as rivets or the like, and access thereto is readily had by means of the door 37, whereby the rivets or other articles are inserted or withdrawn.

It will be seen from the foregoing that when the three sections 14 and the section 13 are assembled, the parts will appear as seen in Fig. 1, and the space above the top of the four sections may be filled with fire clay as indicated at 38, and in case any of -the sections 14 become burned out, they can readily be replaced by a duplicate section, the three sections 14: being all duplicates. By reason of our novel manner of constructing` the combustion chamber 23 and the rivet heating chamber 3G it will be seen. that avery durable and efficient liquid fuel furnace adapted for use as a rivet heating forge or annealing furnace is produced, wherein any of the parts liable to be burnt out or subject to deterioration can be readily renewed, at small expense, and without the employment of skilled labor.

1t will be apparent that our invention can be readily used in the open air and is readily portable to the desired point of the ship hull, bridge, structural metal frame or the line in connection with which our device may be used, so that the riveting operations may be facilitated to the highest degree, with a consequent reduction in the cost for time and labor of the operator, since the latter is enabled to heat the rivets to the r'equired ten'iperature in less time than is possible with ordinary soft coal or charcoal furnaces.

While we prefer to employ the particular construction and contour of the combustion chamber closed at its top,as described, yet it will be apparent that lthe contour shown as 'well the construction of the' top sec# tions 13 and 111 may be slight-ly departed from and yet come within the scope of our invention.

The amiular ledge 31 tends to initially and niomentarily cause the hot gases to swirl around above the rivet receptacle, combining with the blast flame at its inlet 24, thus utilizing the hot gases over and over again and greatly intensifying the heat of the blast. flame, as is evident. Since no oxi" dization occurs and no iron sulfid is formed, the life of the forge is prolonged, and the heat being evenly applied to the combustion chamber' sections, the liability of their becoming cracked or broken is reduced to a minimum.

It will now be apparent that we have devised a novel and useful construction of a liquid fuel furnace or forge, which embodies the features of advantage enumerated as desirable in the statement of the invention and the above description, and while we have, in the present instance, shown and described preferred embodiments thereof which will give in practice satisfactory and reliable results, it is 'to be understood that the same is susceptible of modification in various particulars without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention or sacrificing any of its advantages.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a liquid fuel furnace or forge, a combustion chamber having its upper portion composed of a plurality of matched interchangeable sections, each having inner and outer curved walls, and edges converging upwardly, an annular lower wall of refractory material, the bottom of said combustion chamber sections interlocking with the top of said annular wall, and an outer casing for said sections, one of the latter having an inlet passage therethrough for the liquid fuel.

2. In a liquid fuel furnace or forge, a combustion chamber having its top composed of a plurality of segmental sections all alike and having curved inner and outer walls whose edges converge upwardly, and another section also having inner and outer curved walls and upwardly converging edges, said latter section being provided with a laterally extending tangentially disposed inlet passage for the heating medium, the lower portion of said combustion chamber having an annular inwardly projecting ledge located below said inlet passage.

3. ln a liquid fuel furnace or forge, a combustion chamber having its top composed of a plurality of segmental sections all alike and having curved inner and outer walls, whose edges converge upwardly, and anotherI section also having inner and outer' curved walls and upwardly converging edges, said latter section being provided with a laterally extending tangentially disposed inlet passage for the heating medium, the lower portion of said combustion chainber having an annular inwardly projecting ledge located below said inlet passage, a lower chamber for the reception of the articles to be heated having its sides and bottom composed of refractory material, an outer casing surrounding said combustion cham ber and lower chamber, and a filling of lire clay above said combustion chamber sections.

l. In a liquid .fuel furnace or forge, an outer shell, a lower bottom plate, supporting means therefor, a lining of refractory material for said bottom plate, an annular .lining of refractory material for the lower portion of said outer shell, the upper surface of saidv annular lining being stepped, an upper com of said outer shell, the upper surface of said annular lining being stepped, an upper conibustion chamber composed of a plurality of sections of the same contour, and a fourth section having a tangential inlet passage, the bottomsyof said sections being stepped to conform to the stepped top of the annular lining, the inner lower portion of said combustion chamber having an annular inwardly projecting ridge located belowy said inlet passage, and a filling of refractory ina-y terial located within said shell and above the top of said combustion chamber.

6. As an improved article of manufacture, a segmental section for the combustion chamber of a liquid fuel furnace or forge, comprising an inner and outer curved wall, upwardly converging edges, a lower stepped surface or shoulder, and an inwardly projecting curved ridge.

7. As an improved article of manufacture, a segmental section for the combustion chamber of a liquid fuel furnace or forge, comprising an inner and outer curved wall, upwardly converging edges, a lower stepped surface or shoulder, and an inwardly projecting curved ridge, the lower portion of said section having a laterally extending tangential inlet provided with inwardly diverging walls.

v8. In a liquid fuel furnace or forge, a combustion chamber having its upper portion composed of a plurality of sections, each having inner and outer curved walls and upwardly converging edges, one of said sections having a lateral tangential inlet passage, an annular wall of refractory material on which the lower edges of said sections are supported, and a filling of fire clay above said sections.

W. B. GROVER, Trios. F. KELLEY.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G. 

